显示当前目录下的所有目录 ls -d */
显示/dev下的所有目录 ls -d /dev/*/
神奇啊
直到VMware ESX(i) 4.0 U2,官方的VMware-tools都未提供对FreeBSD 8.0 amd64的支持,因此改为安装Open Virtual Machine Tools。
[root@yaoge123 ~/vmware-tools-distrib]# uname -a
FreeBSD yaoge123 8.0-RELEASE-p3 FreeBSD 8.0-RELEASE-p3 #0: Tue May 25 20:54:11 UTC 2010 root@amd64-builder.daemonology.net:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC amd64
[root@www ~/vmware-tools-distrib]# ./vmware-install.pl
Creating a new VMware Tools installer database using the tar4 format.
Installing VMware Tools.
……
Before running VMware Tools for the first time, you need to configure it by
invoking the following command: “/usr/local/bin/vmware-config-tools.pl”. Do you
want this program to invoke the command for you now? [yes]
Initializing…
Stopping VMware Tools services in the virtual machine:
Guest operating system daemon: done
Unable to copy the source file
/usr/local/lib/vmware-tools/modules/binary/FreeBSD8.0-amd64/vmxnet.ko to the
destination file /boot/modules/vmxnet.ko.
Execution aborted.
[root@www ~/vmware-tools-distrib]# cd /usr/local/lib/vmware-tools/modules/binary/
[root@www /usr/local/lib/vmware-tools/modules/binary]# ls
FreeBSD6.0-amd64 FreeBSD6.3-amd64 FreeBSD7.0-amd64 FreeBSD7.3-amd64
FreeBSD6.0-i386 FreeBSD6.3-i386 FreeBSD7.0-i386 FreeBSD7.3-i386
首先确认是否安装了内核源代码,如果您的系统中没有 /usr/src/sys 这样一个目录, 则说明没有安装内核源代码。安装它最简单的方法是通过以 root 身份运行 sysinstall, 选择 Configure – Distributions – src,选中其中的 base 、sbin和sys。如果提示Warning: Can’t find the `8.0-RELEASE-p3′ distribution on this……,在Configure – Distributions – Options中修改Release Name为8.0-RELEASE,安装完成后用freebsd-update fetch install更新源代码。
然后再安装Open Virtual Machine Tools
cd /usr/ports/emulators/open-vm-tools-nox11
make install clean
至少支持了使用VMware Tools关机(这是HA所必不可少的)和vmxnet2网卡。
/usr/target /usr/mount-point nullfs rw,late 0 0
注意必须在Options中添加“late”,否则启动的时候报错。
当前Cisco MARS版本为6.0.6.3368,通过Web界面上传csmars-6.0.7.3404.zip升级失败,升级日志中错误一会是“Upgrade package acquisition error.”,一会是“Failed to pass the version dependency test.”,根本不知道到底什么错误。
SSH登陆到MARS后,使用命令行pnupgrade ftp://192.168.1.2/csmars-6.0.7.3404.zip升级,报错则很清晰了:
[Error][check_dependency/547]: minimal allowed version(6.0.6.3368.35) > current version(6.0.6.3368.34).
最后的那个小版本号Cisco的网站上根本不标注的。从Cisco下载最新的 csmars-6.0.6.3368.zip再用pnupgrade ftp://192.168.1.2/csmars-6.0.6.3368.zip升级成功,看到输出信息真是无语啊!csmars-6.0.6.3368.zip更新了Cisco也不说明。
Upgrade………………[MARS]
From……………..[6.0.6.3368.34]
To……………….[6.0.6.3368.35]
……
Current Version……….[6.0.6.3368.34]
Package Version……….[6.0.6.3368.35]
ProFTPD 1.3.2e的配置文件,1.3.3版本则需要进行一些修改,
ServerName “yaoge123 FTP Server”
ServerType standalone
DefaultServer on
ScoreboardFile /var/run/proftpd/proftpd.scoreboard
Port 21
UseIPv6 on
Umask 022
MaxInstances 100
MaxConnectionsPerHost 10
CommandBufferSize 512
UseReverseDNS off
IdentLookups off
ServerIdent on “Welcome to yaoge123 FTP Server”
User nobody
Group nogroup
DefaultRoot ~
AllowOverwrite off
requirevalidshell off
AllowForeignAddress on
AllowRetrieveRestart on
DirFakeUser on yaoge123
DirFakeGroup on yaoge123
DirFakeMode 0000
TimeoutLogin 30
TimeoutIdle 300
SystemLog /var/log/proftpd.log
TransferLog /var/log/xferlog
WtmpLog on
AdminControlsEngine on
AdminControlsACLs all allow user root
BanEngine on
BanControlsACLs all allow user root
BanOnEvent ClientConnectRate 10/00:01:00 01:00:00 “Stop connecting frequently”
BanTable /var/run/proftpd/ban.tab
BanLog /var/log/proftpd-ban.log
BanMessage “%a OR %u has been banned”
#AuthOrder mod_auth_file.c mod_sql.c mod_auth_unix.c
#AuthUserFile /usr/local/etc/proftpd/ftpd.passwd
#AuthGroupFile /usr/local/etc/proftpd/ftpd.group
AuthOrder mod_sql.c
SQLAuthenticate users
SQLAuthTypes crypt plaintext
SQLConnectInfo proftpd@localhost username password
SQLUserInfo users user password userid usergroupid homedir NULL
SQLLogFile /var/log/proftpd-sql.log
SQLLog PASS counter
SQLNamedQuery counter UPDATE “lastloginip=’%a’, lastlogin=now(), logincount=logincount+1 WHERE user=’%u’” users
SQLLog EXIT time_logout
SQLNamedQuery time_logout UPDATE “lastlogout=now() WHERE user=’%u’” users
SQLLog RETR,ERR_RETR download
SQLNamedQuery download UPDATE “downloadbytes=downloadbytes+%b, downloadfiles=downloadfiles+1 WHERE user=’%u’” users
SQLLog STOR,ERR_STOR,APPE,ERR_APPE,STOU,ERR_STOU upload
SQLNamedQuery upload UPDATE “uploadbytes=uploadbytes+%b, uploadfiles=uploadfiles+1 WHERE user=’%u’” users
SQLNamedQuery logincount SELECT “logincount from users where user=’%u’”
SQLNamedQuery lastlogin SELECT “lastlogin from users where user=’%u’”
SQLNamedQuery lastloginip SELECT “lastloginip from users where user=’%u’”
SQLNamedQuery downloadbytes SELECT “ROUND(downloadbytes/1048576) from users where user=’%u’”
SQLNamedQuery downloadfiles SELECT “downloadfiles from users where user=’%u’”
SQLNamedQuery uploadbytes SELECT “ROUND(uploadbytes/1048576) from users where user=’%u’”
SQLNamedQuery uploadfiles SELECT “uploadfiles from users where user=’%u’”
SQLShowInfo PASS “230″ “You’ve logged on %{logincount} times”
SQLShowInfo PASS “230″ “*** Last login at %{lastlogin}”
SQLShowInfo PASS “230″ “*** Last login from %{lastloginip}”
SQLShowInfo PASS “230″ “*** Downloaded %{downloadbytes} MB in %{downloadfiles} files”
SQLShowInfo PASS “230″ “*** Uploaded %{uploadbytes} MB in %{uploadfiles} files”
<Limit SITE_CHMOD>
DenyAll
</Limit>
<Directory />
<Limit ALL>
DenyAll
</Limit>
<Limit PROT>
AllowAll
</Limit>
</Directory>
TLSEngine on
TLSLog /var/log/proftpd-tls.log
TLSProtocol SSLv23
TLSRSACertificateFile /usr/local/etc/proftpd/ftpd.cert.pem
TLSRSACertificateKeyFile /usr/local/etc/proftpd/ftpd.key.pem
TLSCACertificateFile /usr/local/etc/proftpd/ftpdca.cert.pem
TLSVerifyClient off
TLSRenegotiate required off
<Anonymous /ftp/anonymous>
User anonymous
Group anonymous
UserAlias guest anonymous
MaxClients 10
MaxClientsPerHost 1
TransferRate RETR 512
<Limit LOGIN>
Allow from 172.16.,172.20,172.21
DenyAll
</Limit>
<Limit ALL>
DenyAll
</Limit>
<Limit FEAT DIRS READ>
AllowAll
</Limit>
</Anonymous>
<IfUser OR friend1,friend2>
<Directory /ftp/friend>
<Limit FEAT DIRS READ>
AllowAll
</Limit>
</Directory>
</IfUser>
<IfUser regex @yaoge123$>
DisplayLogin .welcome.msg
MaxHostsPerUser 1
MaxClientsPerUser 3
<Directory /ftp/yaoge123>
HideFiles ^\.
<Limit FEAT DIRS READ>
AllowAll
</Limit>
</Directory>
</IfUser>
sql中的表
CREATE TABLE `users` (
`user` varchar(50) NOT NULL default ”,
`password` varchar(50) NOT NULL default ”,
`username` varchar(50) NOT NULL default ”,
`userid` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL default ‘10000′,
`usergroupid` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL default ‘10000′,
`lastloginip` varchar(22) NOT NULL default ”,
`logincount` int(16) unsigned NOT NULL default ‘0′,
`lastlogin` datetime NOT NULL default ‘0000-00-00 00:00:00′,
`lastlogout` datetime NOT NULL default ‘0000-00-00 00:00:00′,
`downloadbytes` bigint unsigned NOT NULL default ‘0′,
`downloadfiles` int unsigned NOT NULL default ‘0′,
`uploadbytes` bigint unsigned NOT NULL default ‘0′,
`uploadfiles` int unsigned NOT NULL default ‘0′,
`homedir` varchar(50) NOT NULL default ”,
`mark` varchar(10) NOT NULL default ”,
PRIMARY KEY (`userid`)
) ;
下载脚本 http://www.castaglia.org/openssl/contrib/cert-tool ,修改cert-tool中openssl的路径,用这个脚本调用OpenSSL自签名颁发一个证书
cert-tool --create-ca=serverca --signing-ca=self
cert-tool --create-cert=server --signing-ca=serverca.cert.pem --signing-key=serverca.key.pem
修改proftpd.conf,增加TLS配置
TLSEngine on #开启TLS
TLSLog /var/log/proftpd-tls.log #TLS日志
TLSProtocol SSLv23 #允许使用SSLv3和TLSv1
TLSRSACertificateFile /usr/local/etc/server.cert.pem #cert-tool生成的证书
TLSRSACertificateKeyFile /usr/local/etc/server.key.pem #cert-tool生成的key
TLSCACertificateFile /usr/local/etc/serverca.cert.pem #cert-tool生成的CA证书
TLSVerifyClient off #不验证客户端证书。如要启用客户端证书验证,则需要用TLSCACertificateFile这个CA来颁发客户端证书
TLSRenegotiate required off #不强制要求重协商
另外加密传输需要使用FTP命令PROT,如果Deny ALL过,需要Allow
编辑 /etc/login.conf 增加一个language
enutf8|enutf8 Users Accounts:\
:charset=UTF-8:\
:lang=en_US.UTF-8:\
:tc=default:
vipw 编辑ssh登录的用户,在gid后面增加这个language
yaoge123:$1$***:1001:1001:enutf8:0:0:User &:/home/yaoge123:/bin/sh
| Order Allow,Deny | Apache | ProFTPD |
| 仅匹配Allow | Allow | Allow |
| 仅匹配Deny | Deny | Deny |
| 没有匹配 | 默认Deny | 默认Allow |
| 匹配Allow和Deny | 最后匹配Deny | 首先匹配Allow |
| Order Deny,Allow | Apache | ProFTPD |
| 仅匹配Allow | Allow | Allow |
| 仅匹配Deny | Deny | Deny |
| 没有匹配 | 默认Allow | 默认Deny |
| 匹配Allow和Deny | 最后匹配Allow | 首先匹配Deny |
参考:
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/1.3/mod/mod_access.html
http://www.proftpd.org/docs/directives/linked/config_ref_Order.html
http://www.proftpd.org/docs/howto/Limit.html
编辑 /usr/local/etc/rc.d/tomcat6
在java_command=中增加如下内容禁用IPv6
-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack="true" \
-Djava.net.preferIPv4Address="true" \
相关版本信息:
Apache/2.2.14 (FreeBSD) mod_ssl/2.2.14 OpenSSL/0.9.8k DAV/2 PHP/5.2.12 with Suhosin-Patch mod_jk/1.2.30
javavmwrapper-2.3.4
diablo-jdk-1.6.0.07.02_8
jdk-1.6.0.3p4_14
tomcat-6.0.24
tomcat-native-1.1.20
mod_jk-ap2-1.2.30_1
创建一个raidz1的ZFS pool
test# zpool create zfspool raidz da1 da2 da3
test# zpool list
NAME SIZE USED AVAIL CAP HEALTH ALTROOT
zfspool 23.9G 192K 23.9G 0% ONLINE -
test# zpool status
pool: zfspool
state: ONLINE
scrub: none requested
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
zfspool ONLINE 0 0 0
raidz1 ONLINE 0 0 0
da1 ONLINE 0 0 0
da2 ONLINE 0 0 0
da3 ONLINE 0 0 0
errors: No known data errors
用更大的da4、da5、da6替换原来小的da1、da2、da3 (全文…)
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