FreeBSD 8.0 安装VMware-tools

直到VMware ESX(i) 4.0 U2,官方的VMware-tools都未提供对FreeBSD 8.0 amd64的支持,因此改为安装Open Virtual Machine Tools。

[root@yaoge123 ~/vmware-tools-distrib]# uname -a
FreeBSD yaoge123 8.0-RELEASE-p3 FreeBSD 8.0-RELEASE-p3 #0: Tue May 25 20:54:11 UTC 2010     root@amd64-builder.daemonology.net:/usr/obj/usr/src/sys/GENERIC  amd64
[root@www ~/vmware-tools-distrib]# ./vmware-install.pl
Creating a new VMware Tools installer database using the tar4 format.

Installing VMware Tools.

……
Before running VMware Tools for the first time, you need to configure it by
invoking the following command: “/usr/local/bin/vmware-config-tools.pl”. Do you
want this program to invoke the command for you now? [yes]

Initializing…

Stopping VMware Tools services in the virtual machine:
Guest operating system daemon:                                      done
Unable to copy the source file
/usr/local/lib/vmware-tools/modules/binary/FreeBSD8.0-amd64/vmxnet.ko to the
destination file /boot/modules/vmxnet.ko.

Execution aborted.

[root@www ~/vmware-tools-distrib]# cd /usr/local/lib/vmware-tools/modules/binary/
[root@www /usr/local/lib/vmware-tools/modules/binary]# ls
FreeBSD6.0-amd64        FreeBSD6.3-amd64        FreeBSD7.0-amd64        FreeBSD7.3-amd64
FreeBSD6.0-i386         FreeBSD6.3-i386         FreeBSD7.0-i386         FreeBSD7.3-i386

首先确认是否安装了内核源代码,如果您的系统中没有 /usr/src/sys 这样一个目录, 则说明没有安装内核源代码。安装它最简单的方法是通过以 root 身份运行 sysinstall, 选择 Configure – Distributions – src,选中其中的 base 、sbin和sys。如果提示Warning:  Can’t find the `8.0-RELEASE-p3′ distribution on this……,在Configure – Distributions – Options中修改Release Name为8.0-RELEASE,安装完成后用freebsd-update fetch install更新源代码。

然后再安装Open Virtual Machine Tools
cd /usr/ports/emulators/open-vm-tools-nox11
make install clean

至少支持了使用VMware Tools关机(这是HA所必不可少的)和vmxnet2网卡。

一个比较复杂的ProFTPD配置

ProFTPD 1.3.2e的配置文件,1.3.3版本则需要进行一些修改,
ServerName                      “yaoge123 FTP Server”
ServerType                      standalone
DefaultServer                   on
ScoreboardFile                  /var/run/proftpd/proftpd.scoreboard
Port                            21
UseIPv6                         on
Umask                           022
MaxInstances                    100
MaxConnectionsPerHost           10
CommandBufferSize               512
UseReverseDNS                   off
IdentLookups                    off
ServerIdent                     on “Welcome to yaoge123 FTP Server”
User                            nobody
Group                           nogroup
DefaultRoot                     ~
AllowOverwrite                  off
requirevalidshell               off
AllowForeignAddress             on
AllowRetrieveRestart            on
DirFakeUser                     on yaoge123
DirFakeGroup                    on yaoge123
DirFakeMode                     0000
TimeoutLogin                    30
TimeoutIdle                     300
SystemLog                       /var/log/proftpd.log
TransferLog                     /var/log/xferlog
WtmpLog                         on

AdminControlsEngine             on
AdminControlsACLs               all allow user root

BanEngine                       on
BanControlsACLs                 all allow user root
BanOnEvent                      ClientConnectRate 10/00:01:00 01:00:00 “Stop connecting frequently”
BanTable                        /var/run/proftpd/ban.tab
BanLog                          /var/log/proftpd-ban.log
BanMessage                      “%a OR %u has been banned”

#AuthOrder mod_auth_file.c mod_sql.c mod_auth_unix.c
#AuthUserFile /usr/local/etc/proftpd/ftpd.passwd
#AuthGroupFile /usr/local/etc/proftpd/ftpd.group
AuthOrder mod_sql.c
SQLAuthenticate users
SQLAuthTypes crypt plaintext
SQLConnectInfo proftpd@localhost username password
SQLUserInfo users user password userid usergroupid homedir NULL
SQLLogFile /var/log/proftpd-sql.log

SQLLog PASS counter
SQLNamedQuery counter UPDATE “lastloginip=’%a’, lastlogin=now(), logincount=logincount+1 WHERE user=’%u'” users
SQLLog EXIT time_logout
SQLNamedQuery time_logout UPDATE “lastlogout=now() WHERE user=’%u'” users
SQLLog RETR,ERR_RETR download
SQLNamedQuery download UPDATE “downloadbytes=downloadbytes+%b, downloadfiles=downloadfiles+1 WHERE user=’%u'” users
SQLLog STOR,ERR_STOR,APPE,ERR_APPE,STOU,ERR_STOU upload
SQLNamedQuery upload UPDATE “uploadbytes=uploadbytes+%b, uploadfiles=uploadfiles+1 WHERE user=’%u'” users

SQLNamedQuery logincount SELECT “logincount from users where user=’%u'”
SQLNamedQuery lastlogin SELECT “lastlogin from users where user=’%u'”
SQLNamedQuery lastloginip SELECT “lastloginip from users where user=’%u'”
SQLNamedQuery downloadbytes SELECT “ROUND(downloadbytes/1048576) from users where user=’%u'”
SQLNamedQuery downloadfiles SELECT “downloadfiles from users where user=’%u'”
SQLNamedQuery uploadbytes SELECT “ROUND(uploadbytes/1048576) from users where user=’%u'”
SQLNamedQuery uploadfiles SELECT “uploadfiles from users where user=’%u'”
SQLShowInfo PASS “230” “You’ve logged on %{logincount} times”
SQLShowInfo PASS “230” “*** Last login at %{lastlogin}”
SQLShowInfo PASS “230” “*** Last login from %{lastloginip}”
SQLShowInfo PASS “230” “*** Downloaded %{downloadbytes} MB in %{downloadfiles} files”
SQLShowInfo PASS “230” “*** Uploaded %{uploadbytes} MB in %{uploadfiles} files”

<Limit SITE_CHMOD>
  DenyAll
</Limit>

<Directory />
  <Limit ALL>
    DenyAll
  </Limit>
  <Limit PROT>
    AllowAll
  </Limit>
</Directory>

TLSEngine on
TLSLog /var/log/proftpd-tls.log
TLSProtocol SSLv23
TLSRSACertificateFile /usr/local/etc/proftpd/ftpd.cert.pem
TLSRSACertificateKeyFile /usr/local/etc/proftpd/ftpd.key.pem
TLSCACertificateFile /usr/local/etc/proftpd/ftpdca.cert.pem
TLSVerifyClient off
TLSRenegotiate required off

<Anonymous /ftp/anonymous>
  User                          anonymous
  Group                         anonymous
  UserAlias                     guest anonymous
  MaxClients                    10
  MaxClientsPerHost             1
  TransferRate                  RETR 512

  <Limit LOGIN>
    Allow from 172.16.,172.20,172.21
    DenyAll
  </Limit>

  <Limit ALL>
    DenyAll
  </Limit>

  <Limit FEAT DIRS READ>
    AllowAll
  </Limit>
</Anonymous>

<IfUser OR friend1,friend2>
  <Directory /ftp/friend>
    <Limit FEAT DIRS READ>
      AllowAll
    </Limit>
  </Directory>
</IfUser>

<IfUser regex @yaoge123$>
  DisplayLogin .welcome.msg
  MaxHostsPerUser               1
  MaxClientsPerUser             3
  <Directory /ftp/yaoge123>
    HideFiles                  ^\.
    <Limit FEAT DIRS READ>
        AllowAll
    </Limit>
  </Directory>
</IfUser>

sql中的表
CREATE TABLE `users` (
`user` varchar(50) NOT NULL default ”,
`password` varchar(50) NOT NULL default ”,
`username` varchar(50) NOT NULL default ”,
`userid` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL default ‘10000’,
`usergroupid` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL default ‘10000’,
`lastloginip` varchar(22) NOT NULL default ”,
`logincount` int(16) unsigned NOT NULL default ‘0’,
`lastlogin` datetime NOT NULL default ‘0000-00-00 00:00:00’,
`lastlogout` datetime NOT NULL default ‘0000-00-00 00:00:00’,
`downloadbytes` bigint unsigned NOT NULL default ‘0’,
`downloadfiles` int unsigned NOT NULL default ‘0’,
`uploadbytes` bigint unsigned NOT NULL default ‘0’,
`uploadfiles` int unsigned NOT NULL default ‘0’,
`homedir` varchar(50) NOT NULL default ”,
`mark` varchar(10) NOT NULL default ”,
PRIMARY KEY (`userid`)
) ;

配置ProFTPD加密SSL

下载脚本 http://www.castaglia.org/openssl/contrib/cert-tool ,修改cert-tool中openssl的路径,用这个脚本调用OpenSSL自签名颁发一个证书
cert-tool --create-ca=serverca --signing-ca=self
cert-tool --create-cert=server --signing-ca=serverca.cert.pem --signing-key=serverca.key.pem

修改proftpd.conf,增加TLS配置

TLSEngine on #开启TLS
TLSLog /var/log/proftpd-tls.log #TLS日志
TLSProtocol SSLv23 #允许使用SSLv3和TLSv1
TLSRSACertificateFile /usr/local/etc/server.cert.pem #cert-tool生成的证书
TLSRSACertificateKeyFile /usr/local/etc/server.key.pem #cert-tool生成的key
TLSCACertificateFile /usr/local/etc/serverca.cert.pem #cert-tool生成的CA证书
TLSVerifyClient off #不验证客户端证书。如要启用客户端证书验证,则需要用TLSCACertificateFile这个CA来颁发客户端证书
TLSRenegotiate required off #不强制要求重协商

另外加密传输需要使用FTP命令PROT,如果Deny ALL过,需要Allow
DenyAll AllowAll

Apache和ProFTPD的Order区别

Order Allow,Deny Apache ProFTPD
仅匹配Allow Allow Allow
仅匹配Deny Deny Deny
没有匹配 默认Deny 默认Allow
匹配Allow和Deny 最后匹配Deny 首先匹配Allow

Order Deny,Allow Apache ProFTPD
仅匹配Allow Allow Allow
仅匹配Deny Deny Deny
没有匹配 默认Allow 默认Deny
匹配Allow和Deny 最后匹配Allow 首先匹配Deny

参考:
http://httpd.apache.org/docs/1.3/mod/mod_access.html
http://www.proftpd.org/docs/directives/linked/config_ref_Order.html
http://www.proftpd.org/docs/howto/Limit.html

FreeBSD Tomcat 安装后注意事项

编辑 /usr/local/etc/rc.d/tomcat6
在java_command=中增加如下内容禁用IPv6
-Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack="true" \
-Djava.net.preferIPv4Address="true" \

相关版本信息:
Apache/2.2.14 (FreeBSD) mod_ssl/2.2.14 OpenSSL/0.9.8k DAV/2 PHP/5.2.12 with Suhosin-Patch mod_jk/1.2.30
javavmwrapper-2.3.4
diablo-jdk-1.6.0.07.02_8
jdk-1.6.0.3p4_14
tomcat-6.0.24
tomcat-native-1.1.20
mod_jk-ap2-1.2.30_1

FreeBSD下ZFS RaidZ硬盘替换扩容实践

创建一个raidz1的ZFS pool
test# zpool create zfspool raidz da1 da2 da3
test# zpool list
NAME SIZE USED AVAIL CAP HEALTH ALTROOT
zfspool 23.9G 192K 23.9G 0% ONLINE –
test# zpool status
pool: zfspool
state: ONLINE
scrub: none requested
config:

NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
zfspool ONLINE 0 0 0
raidz1 ONLINE 0 0 0
da1 ONLINE 0 0 0
da2 ONLINE 0 0 0
da3 ONLINE 0 0 0

errors: No known data errors

用更大的da4、da5、da6替换原来小的da1、da2、da3 Continue reading